tcpdump
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tcpdump is a tool for network monitoring and data acquisition that prints packet contents on a network interface matching a filter expression.
tcpdump -i eth0 geneve tcpdump --count 'host 10.0.0.5 and port 80' tcpdump --print -w capture.pcap 'udp' cmake . && make tcpdump -r cap1.pcap cap2.pcap tcpdump -r radius.pcap -T radius tcpdump --chroot /var/lib/chroot -w send.pcap tcpdump -C 10 -w capture.pcap host 192.168.1.1 tcpdump -i lo 'icmp[0] != 8 and icmp[0] != 0'
Summary
tcpdump is an open-source command-line tool for capturing and decoding network traffic, reading packets live from a network interface or from a saved capture file and printing protocol detail down to individual TCP, DNS, and TLS exchanges. It relies on libpcap for the actual capture and runs on nearly every Unix-like system plus Windows, which makes it a fixture for network engineers and incident responders who need to see what is actually on the wire rather than what a higher-level tool infers. It sits in the packet-capture and protocol-dissection space as the baseline tool others build filters and workflows around, rather than a GUIGUIA graphical user interface, controls such as windows, buttons and menus. It lets people use software visually rather than entering commands. analysis platform. Development dates back to 1999, and with 254 contributors, over a hundred commits in the past year, and a release 12 days ago, it remains actively maintained.
tcpdump is a tool for network monitoring and data acquisition that prints packet contents on a network interface matching a filter expression.
How tcpdump helps
Which host a machine is quietly talking to and over what protocol?
shows every DNS lookup and the TCP handshake that follows it, so a name like a suspicious domain can be tied to the IP address and port a connection actually landed on
Is a remote service really using encryption, and how far did the handshake get before something went wrong?
decodes the negotiation packet by packet, so a session that stalls or resets mid-exchange shows exactly which step failed
Is a connection tearing down cleanly or hanging open?
prints the sequence of closing packets between two hosts, making it visible whether both sides exchanged proper teardown signals or one side just stopped responding
What is actually inside a payload that a higher-level tool only summarizes?
renders each packet's bytes in hex and ASCII side by side, so a plaintext value like a hostname sent before encryption starts is readable directly off the wire
Did a filter narrow the capture down to the traffic that matters, or is something being missed?
compiles the filter to its underlying match instructions and reports them, so it is possible to check what a filter expression is actually keeping or discarding before trusting the results
How much traffic passed through during the window being investigated, and does a saved capture cover the incident?
counts every packet in a file along with the link type and timestamps, showing whether the recording spans the period in question or stops short of it
Languages
Command line
No command matches.
| option | found in | since | description |
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Values are placeholders taken from each option’s declared default. Nothing is executed here — the output shown is a recording of a run that already happened.
Score card
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Shipping velocity releases a month, last 12 months
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Documentation quality release-notes rubric, 0–100
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Breaking-change discipline how rarely a release breaks users, and notice given
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Maintenance risk quiet time against its own cadence, maintainers
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Innovation & surface new capabilities, API and MCP surface
- Community health
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Contributor trend distinct committers, this year against last
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Maintainer concentration bus factor now against a year ago
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Issue backlog trend issues closed per issue opened, 12 months
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Responsiveness median time to a maintainer’s first reply
Nine scores for tcpdump, each built from the releases, notes and API history this site tracks — and, on Researcher and Business, where it stands among every measured tool in its category and how that has moved.
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Blank means never measured; nothing here is a filled-in zero.
Peer standings are included with Researcher and Business. See how this tool ranks against its competitors, using data we don't publish anywhere else.
See plans →Each score is 0–100 on a published rubric, derived from data this site already shows. A dimension we cannot measure says so — it is never scored 0 and never enters a rank.
How this is scored
- Shipping velocity — releases a month over the last 12 months, on a log scale where 16 a month scores 100. Needs 3 releases in the window.
- Documentation quality — the release-notes rubric published on the analytics page, unchanged.
- Breaking-change discipline — the share of releases carrying a breaking change (none scores 100, half or more scores 0). Only projects that label breaking changes are measured: a clean record cannot be told from an unlabelled one.
- Maintenance risk — quiet time measured against the tool's own release cadence (quiet longer than 90 days and three typical gaps scores 0), plus the number of active maintainers and whether contributors are growing, where known. Higher is lower risk.
- Innovation & surface — new capabilities in the feature ledger this year, API and MCP operations added, and the share of commits that are features: the mean of whichever we hold.
- Community health (open-source tools only) — each is a direction, not a size: contributors this year against last, the bus factor now against a year ago, and issues closed per issue opened, where steady scores 50, doubled 100 and halved 0; plus the median time to a maintainer's first reply (an hour scores about 100, a month or more 0). A commercial card has no repository and carries none of the four.
- Documented delivery (commercial tools) — when a vendor's documented new capabilities have slowed against its own baseline, that counts against the overall standing as heavily as two low dimensions. Steady delivery, or too little history to judge, leaves the standing alone; it is never a sixth score.
- Open-source tools are scored on repository signals; commercial tools on their published changelog. Ranks compare tools within one category and one profile and need at least five measured peers; the overall standing needs three ranked dimensions. Best-in-breed or consolidator is a shape, not a quality, and is never scored.
Release-note detail over time
See how much detail tcpdump puts in its release notes, quarter by quarter, and compare it with tracked tools in the same category. This history uses up to ten retained, reviewed notes per tool; sparse or blank older quarters may reflect that limit.
Checking release-note history…
Releases
27 entries
No entries match these filters.
- September 20261
- August 20261
- December 20251
- December 20201
- October 20161
- November 20141
- November 20131
- April 20131
- December 20111
- July 20101
- March 20101
- October 20081
- September 20071
- April 20071
- September 20051
- July 20051
- November 20031
- January 20021
- January 20011
- January 20001
- July 19981
- November 19961
- July 19961
- June 19962
- June 19941
- May 19921
Project health
Issue, contributor and maintainer activity in the-tcpdump-group/tcpdump, 2023-10 – 2026-09, as of 2026-09-25. Twelve-month figures first; the trend lines run the whole window.
- Contributors 14 +6 vs prior 12 months
- Maintainers 2 +1 joined · −1 left, last 12 months
- Bus factor 1 committers behind half the commits
- Community-filed 46% of issues opened, last 12 months
- Median time to close 186 days first maintainer reply 4.5 hours
- Open backlog 67 of 675 issues ever filed
- Issues opened / month 0 · 0 communitymaintainers
- Open backlog 67
- Contributors / month 2
- Commits / month 11
- Stars 3,235
- questions 8%
- other 92%
Counts from the project's public repository and git history; no individuals are identified. Maintainers are the committers covering 80% of the last year's commits. how we measure this
Articles
3 articles · updated Nov 4, 2026Where tcpdump turns up in what others publish: how-tos, attack reports that name it, and incident write-ups. A row says why it is here and quotes where the article names it; the link goes to the publisher.
Tutorials & guides 3
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Comprehensive Guide to tcpdump (Part 3)
This is the third article in the Comprehensive Guide to tcpdump Series.
2 more quotes
Comprehensive Guide to tcpdump (Part 1).
Comprehensive Guide to tcpdump (Part 2).
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Comprehensive Guide to tcpdump (Part 1)
In this article, we are going to learn about tcpdump.
2 more quotes
Tcpdump helps us troubleshoot the network issues as well as help us analyze the working of some security tools.
Tcpdump works on most of the Linux based operating systems.
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Comprehensive Guide to tcpdump (Part 2)
In the previous article of tcpdump, we learned about some basic functionalities of this amazing tool called tcpdump.
2 more quotes
tcpdump -i eth0 -c5 tcpdump -i eth0 -c5 -e Parsing and Printing As we all know that, the conversation of a concrete syntax to the abstract syntax is known as parsing.
tcpdump -i eth0 -c 2 -x tcpdump -i eth0 -c 2 -xx If we want this information provided by -x parameter along with their ASCII code then we need to use -X parameter and if we want the results of -xx parameter along with…
Libraries its release ships
What its latest release locks, checked against known advisories.We can only check tools that publish GitHub releases.
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