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cosign

v3.1.4 open-source

Cosign signs OCIOCIOpen Container Initiative standard, maintained by the Linux Foundation, defining the image format and runtime spec that container tools share so images built once run anywhere OCI-compliant. containers and other artifacts using Sigstore, supporting keyless signing, hardware and KMSKMSA managed service that creates, stores, rotates and controls access to encryption keys, usually backed by HSMs. Applications ask it to encrypt or decrypt rather than holding keys themselves. signing, and bring-your-own PKIPKIA framework of policies, roles, and cryptographic standards for issuing and managing digital certificates that bind public keys to identities, letting tools verify authenticity and encrypt communications without pre-shared secrets..

Summary

cosign is an open-source command-line tool for signing and verifying OCI container images and other artifacts as part of the Sigstore project, and it costs nothing to use. It supports keyless signing against the Fulcio certificate authority and Rekor transparency log by default, alongside hardware, KMS, or bring-your-own-PKI keys, with signatures stored in an OCI registry. It's aimed at platform and application engineers building software supply-chainsoftware supply-chainThe dependencies, tools and processes used to build and deliver software. Compromising one part can affect the products or organizations that rely on it. security into CI/CD pipelines rather than at SOCSOCA security operations center, the team or function that monitors threats, investigates alerts and coordinates incident response. Its work can be internal, outsourced or shared. analysts, sitting in the container-signing and SBOMSBOMA software bill of materials, an inventory of the components and versions inside an application. It helps teams find affected software when a dependency has a vulnerability or licensing issue.-attestation space alongside the broader sigstore tooling it's built from. Recent work standardizes on the Sigstore bundle format and migrates signing to Rekor v2. With 285 contributors, 354 commits and 54 releases in the past year, and a release 15 days ago, it is actively maintained.

Cosign signs OCI containers and other artifacts using Sigstore, supporting keyless signing, hardware and KMS signing, and bring-your-own PKI.

How cosign helps

Is this container image the same one that came out of my build pipeline, or has it been swapped along the way?

recomputes and checks the signature against the registry digest, so any repackaging or tampering after the build shows up as a failed verification

Who signed this artifact, and can I trust their identity without managing keys myself?

checks the certificate chain against the Fulcio certificate authority and the transparency log entry in Rekor, tying the signature to an OIDC identity instead of a key file someone could lose or leak

Can I prove this image was signed at a specific point in time, even after the signing certificate expires?

points to the transparency log entry recorded at signing time, giving a durable record that survives certificate expiry

Did someone sign this artifact using their own key infrastructure instead of the public keyless flow?

verifies against hardware, KMS, or bring-your-own keys the same way it verifies keyless signatures, so pipelines mixing key strategies still get one verification path

Are my SBOMs and other attestations bound to the exact artifact they describe?

signs the in-toto statement or predicate as an attestation tied to the artifact's digest, so verification fails if the SBOM is attached to the wrong image

Is my stored signature still in a format the rest of my pipeline can read after a format change?

converts older bundle files into the standardized Sigstore bundle format so existing signatures keep verifying as that format becomes the default

all 66 features, with the evidence for each →

Languages

Not documented

Features

66 capabilities · 2 backed by code, an API document or a real run

Built from cosign's releases, docs, README and our own runs. “Seen” marks the month we first spotted a release the vendor didn't date. Group names and tags are our labels.

Compare with peers →

  • cosign covers 1 of the 5 supply chain security capabilities we track.

What cosign offers you

  • Command-line interface38
  • CI/CD pipeline integration3
  • Offline mode2
Artifact signing 13 features Supply chain security since 2021
Sigstore bundle management verified Creates, inspects, and upgrades Sigstore bundle files, including migrating legacy bundles to the standardized protobuf bundle format. 21 releases · 9 other sources · first seen Mar 2021

Shared capability: Artifact signing

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release 21 total

  • Adds cosign bundle create-from-container subcommand to create a Sigstore bundle directly from a container image.⁠︀︄︇︀︅︉︀︅︀︀︃︀︀︅︅︀︅︊︀︄︆︀︃︄⁠ v3.1.4 · Oct 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds inspect subcommand under the bundle group to display bundle metadata and payload details. v3.1.2 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds cosign bundle inspect command to examine cosign bundle files. v3.1.2 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds bundle upgrade subcommand to convert existing bundles to the standardized Sigstore bundle format. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history
  • Makes the standardized Sigstore bundle format the default output for signing and default input for verification. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds cosign bundle upgrade command to migrate existing bundles to the standardized Sigstore bundle format. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history

command line

  • create-from-container — Create Sigstore protobuf bundles from legacy container attestations v3.1.4 · Oct 2026 · command-line history

example 8 total

  • Create a Sigstore bundle from an already-signed container image for offline or air-gapped verification workflows. cosign bundle create-from-container $IMAGE v3.1.4 · Oct 2026 · source
  • Inspect a local cosign bundle file to examine its contents and structure. cosign bundle inspect <bundle-file> v3.1.2 · Jul 2026 · source
  • Upgrade an existing legacy cosign bundle file to the new standardized Sigstore bundle format before v4 removes deprecated flag support. cosign bundle upgrade --bundle artifact.bundle v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source
  • Upgrade a legacy cosign bundle file to the standardized Sigstore bundle format before it becomes the only accepted format in v4. cosign bundle upgrade --bundle <path-to-existing.bundle> v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source
  • Verify a container image signature stored in a local file using a specific digest algorithm. cosign verify --signature sig.sig \ --signature-digest-algorithm SHA384 \ <image-ref> v1.4.0 · Dec 2021 · source
  • Verify a blob where the certificate is fetched directly from the transparency log. cosign verify-blob --certificate-identity https://github.com/... --certificate-oidc-issuer https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com --signature signature.sig my-blob.txt v1.3.1 · Nov 2021 · source
Bring-your-own PKI signing verified Supports OCI signing with X.509 certificate chains, enabling custom PKI workflows for container image signing and bundle verification. 19 releases · 2 other sources · first seen Apr 2021

Shared capability: Artifact signing

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release 19 total

  • Supports OCI signing with an X.509 certificate chain, enabling bring-your-own PKI workflows for container image signing. v3.1.3 · Aug 2026 · source · release history
  • Supports OCI Signing with X.509 Certificate Chain v3.1.3 · Aug 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds OVHcloud KMS as an available external plugin for key management. v3.1.2 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds support for signing with OpenBao-managed keys. v3.0.6 · Apr 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds --client-cert, --client-key, and --ca flags to cosign sign for mTLS authentication v2.2.0 · Aug 2023 · source · release history
  • Switches default attestation upload type from intoto to DSSE for Rekor transparency log submission v2.2.0 · Aug 2023 · source · release history

command line

  • --allow-certificate-chain — allow X.509 certificate chains in bundle verification material for v0.3+ bundles v3.1.3 · Aug 2026 · command-line history

example

  • Use a KMS URL directly via the -key flag without needing a separate KMS-specific flag. cosign sign -key kms://<key-url> <image> 0.3.0 · Apr 2021 · source
Artifact signing shipped Signs container images and artifacts via sigstore-go, requiring a bundle file or registry upload as the output destination. 11 releases · 4 other sources · first seen Apr 2021

Shared capability: Artifact signing

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release 11 total

  • Running cosign sign now requires either bundle output or registry upload (--bundle or registry push); omitting both is no longer accepted. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history
  • Signs exclusively via sigstore-go, unifying the signing path across Sigstore SDKs. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history
  • Signing now routes exclusively through sigstore-go. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history
  • Breaking change: cosign sign now requires either bundle output or registry upload — bare signing without a destination is no longer permitted. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds bundle flag to cosign sign command v2.6.3 · Apr 2026 · source · release history
  • Supports key creation scoped to a GitLab group. v3.0.6 · Apr 2026 · source · release history

docs

  • Signs and verifies OCI container images and other artifacts using Sigstore's keyless and key-based signing methods.

example

  • Sign a container image and upload the signature bundle automatically. cosign sign --bundle=true <image> v2.6.3 · Apr 2026 · source
  • Sign all components of a multi-arch image in one command. cosign sign -r gcr.io/project/image:v1 0.5.0 · Jun 2021 · source
  • Sign a container image and save the signature payload to a specific file. cosign sign -output-file sig.json <image> 0.3.0 · Apr 2021 · source
TUF root metadata initialization shipped Initializes the local Sigstore Trusted Unified Framework (TUF) root metadata store. 4 releases · 2 other sources · first seen Aug 2021

Shared capability: Artifact signing

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds a staging flag to initialize for bootstrapping with staging TUF metadata. v3.0.3 · Dec 2025 · source · release history
  • Skips TUF content loading when a trusted root path is explicitly specified. v2.6.0 · Sep 2025 · source · release history
  • cosign initialize --mirror enables fetching the TUF root of trust over HTTP for offline or restricted environments. v1.4.1 · Dec 2021 · source · release history
  • Adds cosign init command to setup the local TUF root metadata repository v1.1.0 · Aug 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Download the TUF root from a custom HTTP mirror to configure cosign for use in an air-gapped environment. cosign initialize --mirror https://tuf-mirror.example.com/root.json v1.4.1 · Dec 2021 · source
  • Initialize the local Sigstore TUF root metadata store cosign init v1.1.0 · Aug 2021 · source
Deprecated flag lifecycle management shipped Marks v3.x flags across signing, bundle, and config commands as deprecated ahead of their removal in Cosign v4. 3 releases · 1 other source · first seen Mar 2022

Shared capability: Artifact signing

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Deprecates certificate, signing-config, bundle, OCI referrer, and other v3.x flags slated for removal in Cosign v4. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds support for the GCE metadata server environment variable. v3.0.6 · Apr 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds --timeout flag to the sign command v1.6.0 · Mar 2022 · source · release history

example

  • Set a timeout for the signing operation to prevent hangs cosign sign --timeout 30s <image> v1.6.0 · Mar 2022 · source
New bundle format support shipped Supports the standardized protobuf bundle format for creating, verifying, and managing Sigstore bundles with OCI artifact storage. 3 releases · 1 other source · first seen Apr 2025

Shared capability: Artifact signing

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • --bundle is now a required CLI flag (previously optional) to specify the output file for the Sigstore bundle containing verification material. 3.0.2 · Oct 2025 · source · release history
  • Uploads signatures and verification material as OCI Image 1.1 referring artifacts via --new-bundle-format=true on cosign sign and cosign verify. v2.6.0 · Sep 2025 · source · release history
  • Supports the new bundle specification for attesting and verifying OCI image attestations uploaded as OCI artifacts, gated behind --new-bundle-format on cosign attest. v2.5.0 · Apr 2025 · source · release history

example

  • Attest an OCI image using the new bundle format to produce an OCI artifact-based attestation instead of the legacy format. cosign attest --new-bundle-format --predicate predicate.json --type slsaprovenance <image> v2.5.0 · Apr 2025 · source
Keyless signing support shipped Enables signing artifacts using keyless workflows backed by Sigstore infrastructure. 2 releases · 2 other sources · first seen Dec 2021

Shared capability: Artifact signing

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Updates release binaries to include keyless workflow support v1.4.0 · Dec 2021 · source · release history
  • cosign releases now generate signatures in keyless experimental mode that do not validate in older versions of cosign; use --fulcio-url=https://fulcio.sigstore.dev to opt out v1.4.0 · Dec 2021 · source · release history

docs

  • Signs and verifies OCI container images and other artifacts using Sigstore's keyless and key-based signing methods.

example

  • Sign a container image using mutual TLS to authenticate with the keyless server. cosign sign --key cosign.pub \ --cert /path/to/client.crt \ --client-key /path/to/client.key \ --ca /path/to/ca.crt \ gcr.io/my-project/my-image:latest v2.2.0 · Aug 2023 · source
OCI bundle format support shipped Adds support for Sigstore specification-compliant protobuf bundle formats in signing and verification commands. 2 releases · first seen Aug 2024

Shared capability: Artifact signing

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds Sigstore specification-compliant bundle format support to verify-blob and verify-blob-attestation. v2.4.0 · Aug 2024 · source · release history
  • Adds protobuf bundle format support to sign-blob and attest-blob. v2.4.0 · Aug 2024 · source · release history
Self-managed key support in sigstore-go backend shipped Enables the use of self-managed keys when signing with the sigstore-go backend. 1 release · first seen Dec 2025

Shared capability: Artifact signing

release

  • Enables sign-blob to sign with a certificate in addition to key-based signing. v3.0.3 · Dec 2025 · source · release history
Bundle output file requirement enforcement shipped Makes the --bundle flag required for commands that output Sigstore bundles, ensuring consistent bundle creation behavior. 1 release · first seen Oct 2025

Shared capability: Artifact signing

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • The --bundle flag has moved from optional to required; commands that previously omitted it will fail to produce a bundle or error out. 3.0.2 · Oct 2025 · source · release history
Attestation blob signing with custom statements shipped Enables signing complete in-toto statements directly via the attest-blob command without requiring cosign to construct a predicate. 1 release · first seen Sep 2025

Shared capability: Artifact signing

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Supports signing a complete in-toto statement directly via attest-blob --statement instead of requiring cosign to construct one from a predicate. v2.6.0 · Sep 2025 · source · release history
Signing config for Rekor v2 service URLs shipped Supports providing service URLs via a SigningConfig to target Rekor v2 instances for blob and image signing. 1 other source · first seen Sep 2025

Shared capability: Artifact signing

example

  • Sign and verify a blob using service URLs from the public-good TUF SigningConfig, required when targeting a Rekor v2 instance. cosign sign-blob --use-signing-config --bundle sigstore.json README.md cosign verify-blob --new-bundle-format --bundle sigstore.json --certificate-identity $EMAIL --certificate-oidc-issuer $ISSUER… v2.6.0 · Sep 2025 · source
Signing config generation subcommand shipped Provides a new subcommand for generating signing configurations to bootstrap Sigstore deployments. 1 release · first seen Jul 2025

Shared capability: Artifact signing

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • New signing-config create subcommand for generating signing configurations. v2.5.3 · Jul 2025 · source · release history
Other / not yet classified 53 features Features we have not matched to a capability yet. A suggested match is marked.
Manifest verification shipped Verifies the signatures of Kubernetes manifests within the CLI. 12 releases · 7 other sources · first seen Aug 2021

previously: Kubernetes manifest verification

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release 12 total

  • Using --key and cert identity flags together during verification is now disallowed. v3.0.6 · Apr 2026 · source · release history
  • Disallows using --key and cert identity together during verification, enforcing cleaner verification flows. v3.0.6 · Apr 2026 · source · release history
  • Supports --local-image combined with --new-bundle-format for v2 and v3 signatures. v3.0.5 · Feb 2026 · source · release history
  • Includes SCT verification failure details in error messages. v2.4.0 · Aug 2024 · source · release history
  • Extends keyless verification support across all cosign verify subcommands, not just verify. v2.3.0 · Jul 2024 · source · release history
  • Adds --ca-roots and --ca-intermediates flags to cosign verify for custom CA chain verification. v2.3.0 · Jul 2024 · source · release history

example 7 total

  • Sign a local OCI image tarball and produce a v2/v3 bundle format — now supported together with --local-image. cosign sign --local-image --new-bundle-format <path/to/image.tar> v3.0.5 · Feb 2026 · source
  • Verify a container image against an on-prem or private CA instead of the public Sigstore root. cosign verify --ca-roots ./corp-root-ca.pem --ca-intermediates ./corp-intermediate-ca.pem --certificate-identity user@example.com --certificate-oidc-issuer https://accounts.example.com… v2.3.0 · Jul 2024 · source
  • Create an attestation using the new OpenVEX format. cosign attest --predicate <predicate_file> --type openvex <image> v2.2.3 · Jan 2024 · source
  • Limit verification parallelism to avoid resource exhaustion on large images. cosign verify --max-workers 4 <image> v2.1.0 · Jun 2023 · source
  • Verify the attestations of a container image loaded from a local tar archive without pushing it to a registry. cosign verify-attestation --local-image ./my-image.tar v1.4.1 · Dec 2021 · source
  • Verify a Kubernetes manifest signed with cosign cosign verify-manifest --key <KEY> image:tag v1.1.0 · Aug 2021 · source
Transparency log upload configuration shipped Creates and customizes signing configurations, including targeting Rekor v2 transparency log endpoints and overriding services from a base config. 13 releases · 4 other sources · first seen May 2021

previously: Signing config management

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release 13 total

  • Adds --base-config flag to the signing configuration to override services from a base config file. v3.1.2 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds --base-config flag to the signing-config command to override services from a base config. v3.1.2 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds Rekor v2 flag to cosign signing-config create for configuring Rekor v2 in signing configs. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds Rekor v2 flag to cosign signing-config create, enabling configuration of Rekor v2 transparency log endpoints. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history
  • Supports providing roots of trust and service URLs via a single --trusted-root or --signing-config file. v3.0.1 · Oct 2025 · source · release history
  • CLI flags can be set via environment variables (e.g., COSIGN_CERTIFICATE_IDENTITY) 2.0.0 · Feb 2023 · source · release history

example

  • Override specific services from a base signing config when configuring cosign for a custom environment. cosign signing-config --base-config <base-config-file> v3.1.2 · Jul 2026 · source
  • Create a signing config that targets a Rekor v2 transparency log instance for environments running the updated Rekor stack. cosign signing-config create --rekor-v2 --out signing-config.json v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source
  • Sign a blob using a hardware token via PKCS11. cosign sign-blob --key pkcs11://token=path=/tmp/token.pem id=1234 my-blob.txt v1.3.1 · Nov 2021 · source
  • Upload a signature to Rekor with a custom timeout to avoid hangs on slow networks. cosign upload signed-image --timeout 120s v1.3.1 · Nov 2021 · source
Blob attestation creation and verification shipped Provides subcommands to create attestations for arbitrary binary blobs and verify them, including support for outputting results to files. 4 releases · 2 other sources · first seen Jan 2022

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds the --output-attestation flag to attest-blob to direct output to a file instead of stdout v1.13.1 · Oct 2022 · source · release history
  • Adds the attest-blob CLI subcommand to create attestations for arbitrary blobs v1.13.1 · Oct 2022 · source · release history
  • Adds the verify-blob-attestation CLI subcommand to verify in-toto attestation statements for blobs v1.13.1 · Oct 2022 · source · release history
  • Adds --dsse flag to verify-blob command to support DSSE payloads v1.5.1 · Jan 2022 · source · release history

example

  • Attest a payload and include the verification bundle in the output. cosign attest --bundle=true <payload> v2.6.3 · Apr 2026 · source
  • Attest a binary blob and save the result directly to a file. cosign attest-blob <blob_path> --output-attestation attestation.json v1.13.1 · Oct 2022 · source
Time Stamping Authority (TSA) support shipped Provides capability to include RFC3161 timestamps in artifacts during signing or attestation operations. 6 releases · first seen Feb 2023

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Using --new-bundle-format and --rfc3161-timestamp together is now disallowed and will cause an error. v3.0.6 · Apr 2026 · source · release history
  • Automatically requires a signed timestamp when working with Rekor v2 entries, strengthening timestamp integrity guarantees. v3.0.5 · Feb 2026 · source · release history
  • Enforces TSA requirement for Rekor v2 and Fulcio signing workflows. v3.0.5 · Feb 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds TSA certificate chain validation via environment variable or TUF targets for timestamp authority checks. v2.3.0 · Jul 2024 · source · release history
  • Adds TSA (Time Stamping Authority) response support in the attach command via a new mechanism. v2.1.0 · Jun 2023 · source · release history
  • Experimental trusted timestamping via --timestamp-server-url for container signing 2.0.0 · Feb 2023 · source · release history
TUF timestamp bundle generation shipped Generates a TUF timestamp bundle associated with the signature or attestation output during signing operations. 4 releases · 1 other source · first seen Jan 2022

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds support for recording creation timestamp in cosign attest. v2.4.0 · Aug 2024 · source · release history
  • Blob attestation supported with new cosign attest-blob command 2.0.0 · Feb 2023 · source · release history
  • Bundles a TUF timestamp with the signature output when signing (via --bundle on sign-blob or implied in image attestation). v1.5.0 · Jan 2022 · source · release history
  • Adds the --bundle flag to cosign sign-blob and cosign verify-blob commands for explicit bundle handling. v1.5.0 · Jan 2022 · source · release history

example

  • Sign a blob and immediately generate a signed TUF timestamp bundle in the same command. cosign sign-blob --bundle sig.txt <file> v1.5.0 · Jan 2022 · source
DSSE attestation signing shipped Signs DSSE attestations and logs them as hashed entries using PAE encoding in Rekor v2, supporting large payloads such as SBOMs. 4 releases · first seen Dec 2023

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Updates DSSE attestation signing to log as hashed entries using PAE encoding in Rekor v2, unblocking upload of large signed DSSEs such as SBOMs. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history
  • Updates signing path to log to Rekor v2, with DSSE attestations logged as hashed entries using PAE encoding — unblocking large signed DSSEs like SBOMs. v3.1.1 · Jun 2026 · source · release history
  • Supports multiple container identities during verification. v3.0.3 · Dec 2025 · source · release history
  • Adds --private-infrastructure alias for --insecure-skip-log v2.2.2 · Dec 2023 · source · release history
Trusted root creation service configuration shipped Adds flags to the trusted-root create command for specifying base URLs, URIs, multiple services, and validity periods. 4 releases · first seen Jun 2025

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Supports default services when creating trusted-root and signing-config, reducing manual configuration. v3.0.4 · Jan 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds --validity-period-end (validity period end) option to trusted-root create for controlling certificate validity windows. v2.5.3 · Jul 2025 · source · release history
  • Allows multiple services to be specified when running trusted-root create. v2.5.3 · Jul 2025 · source · release history
  • Adds --base-url and --uri flags to the trusted-root create command. v2.5.1 · Jun 2025 · source · release history
Keyless identity support via SPIFFE/Spire shipped Enables keyless signing identities by detecting ambient credentials using SPIFFE/Spire, with configurable socket and OIDC provider options. 3 releases · 1 other source · first seen Jan 2022

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • New cosign debug providers command to inspect configured OIDC/signing providers. v2.3.0 · Jul 2024 · source · release history
  • Allows overriding the Spiffe socket via an environmental variable v1.6.0 · Mar 2022 · source · release history
  • Enables ambient credential detection using SPIFFE/Spire for keyless signing identities. v1.5.0 · Jan 2022 · source · release history

example

  • Inspect which OIDC/signing providers cosign has detected in the current environment before signing. cosign debug providers v2.3.0 · Jul 2024 · source
Certificate chain validation in signing shipped Enables specifying intermediate certificate chains during the signing process to validate trust paths. 2 releases · 2 other sources · first seen Apr 2022

release

  • Enables keyless verification using only a provided certificate chain with non-Fulcio roots. v2.1.0 · Jun 2023 · source · release history
  • Adds --certificate and --certificate-chain flags to sign for intermediate certificate validation v1.7.1 · Apr 2022 · source · release history

example

  • Verify images using a specific certificate chain instead of default Fulcio roots. cosign verify --certificate-chain <path/to/cert> <image> v2.1.0 · Jun 2023 · source
  • Sign an image with a specific intermediate certificate chain for trust validation cosign sign --key cosign.key --certificate cert.pem --certificate-chain chain.pem <image-ref> v1.7.1 · Apr 2022 · source
OCI credential autodetection shipped Automatically detects and uses ambient OIDC tokens in GCP environments without workload identity. 2 releases · 2 other sources · first seen Sep 2021

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds --k8s-keychain option to enable ambient registry credentials via the k8schain library v1.3.0 · Nov 2021 · source · release history
  • Support GCP environments without workload identity (GCB) by detecting and using ambient OIDC tokens automatically. v1.2.0 · Sep 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Authenticate to a container registry using Kubernetes service account credentials when running inside a cluster, avoiding manual docker login or secret mounts. cosign attach sbom --sbom ./syft.json --image myregistry.io/myapp:v1 --k8s-keychain v1.3.0 · Nov 2021 · source
  • Verify image against a public key cosign verify --key cosign.pub $IMAGE_URI:1h
Public key digest auto-detection shipped Automatically detects the default digest algorithm for public keys, removing the need for manual specification. 3 releases · first seen Feb 2023

release

  • Auto-detects default digest algorithm for public keys v3.1.3 · Aug 2026 · source · release history
  • Auto-detects the default digest algorithm for public keys, removing the need to manually specify it. v3.1.3 · Aug 2026 · source · release history
  • SIGSTORE_TRUST_REKOR_API_PUBLIC_KEY env var removed; use SIGSTORE_REKOR_PUBLIC_KEY or TUF 2.0.0 · Feb 2023 · source · release history
Mutual TLS authentication support shipped Enables signing and verification using client certificates for mutual TLS authentication with keyless servers. 2 releases · 1 other source · first seen Aug 2023

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds mTLS support for TSA (Timestamp Authority) client connections when signing with a signing config. v3.0.5 · Feb 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds --client-cert, --client-key, and --ca flags to cosign sign for mTLS authentication v2.2.0 · Aug 2023 · source · release history

example

  • Sign a container image using mutual TLS to authenticate with the keyless server. cosign sign --key cosign.pub \ --cert /path/to/client.crt \ --client-key /path/to/client.key \ --ca /path/to/ca.crt \ gcr.io/my-project/my-image:latest v2.2.0 · Aug 2023 · source
Image dependency graph display shipped Displays the dependency graph of images referenced within a signed container image using the tree command. 3 releases · first seen Apr 2022

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Improves cosign tree performance via digest caching for faster artifact tree resolution. v3.0.4 · Jan 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds experimental OCI 1.1+ support to the tree subcommand for inspecting OCI 1.1 referrer graphs. v2.5.3 · Jul 2025 · source · release history
  • Adds cosign tree command to display the image dependency graph v1.7.1 · Apr 2022 · source · release history
Offline verification configuration shipped Forces offline verification mode and enforces SCT verification by default, removing reliance on online connectivity for validity checks. 3 releases · first seen Dec 2022

Also counts toward: Command-line interface, Offline mode

release

  • Enables offline verification with a key without requiring a trusted root file. v3.0.4 · Jan 2026 · source · release history
  • --offline flag forces offline verification mode 2.0.0-rc.0 · Dec 2022 · source · release history
  • SCT verification behavior defaults to enforcement rather than skipping validation 2.0.0-rc.0 · Dec 2022 · source · release history
Image and signature management shipped Moves images and their associated signatures between registries or removes them from an image. 2 releases · 1 other source · first seen Jun 2021

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds registry options (e.g. auth, TLS settings) to cosign save command. v2.3.0 · Jul 2024 · source · release history
  • Added cosign copy to easily move images and signatures between repositories 0.5.0 · Jun 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Copy an image and its signatures from one registry to another. cosign copy source:image:v1 dest:registry.io/image:v1 0.5.0 · Jun 2021 · source
Interactive Fulcio login shipped Provides an interactive subcommand for logging in to the Fulcio service to obtain signing certificates. 2 releases · 1 other source · first seen Mar 2022

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds --fulcio-client-credentials-flow flag to enable the Fulcio client credentials authentication flow v2.2.4 · Apr 2024 · source · release history
  • Adds login subcommand for interactive Fulcio login v1.6.0 · Mar 2022 · source · release history

example

  • Authenticate against Fulcio using a service account or OIDC provider via client credentials instead of interactive browser login. cosign sign --fulcio-client-credentials-flow --key <key_path> --set-oidc-issuer <issuer> --set-client-id <client_id> <image> v2.2.4 · Apr 2024 · source
OpenVEX attestation support shipped Allows creating and handling attestations using the OpenVEX predicate format with upload support to transparency logs. 1 release · 2 other sources · first seen Jan 2024

release

example

  • Create an attestation using the new OpenVEX format. cosign attest --predicate <predicate_file> --type openvex <image> v2.2.3 · Jan 2024 · source
  • Upload an attestation to Rekor during creation. cosign attest --upload-rekor=true <flags> <image> v2.2.3 · Jan 2024 · source
Artifact copy across registries shipped Copies artifacts between registries, extending support to additional media types beyond standard images. 2 releases · 1 other source · first seen Mar 2022

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds --platform flag to cosign copy for multi-arch image targeting v2.2.1 · Nov 2023 · source · release history
  • Extends copy command to support other types beyond images v1.6.0 · Mar 2022 · source · release history

example

  • Copy artifacts between registries supporting additional media types cosign copy <source> <dest> v1.6.0 · Mar 2022 · source
CLI shell auto-completion shipped Provides automatic command completion support via Cobra CLI migration. 2 releases · 1 other source · first seen Nov 2021

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

example

  • Rebuild and enable faster, more accurate autocompletion for the fig shell completion system. cosign fig autocomplete v1.11.1 · Aug 2022 · source
Local signature verification with custom algorithms shipped Verifies signatures from local files or remote URLs using specified hash algorithms. 2 releases · 1 other source · first seen Dec 2021

release

  • Adds --signature-digest-algorithm flag to cosign verify to specify signature hash algorithms other than SHA256 v1.4.0 · Dec 2021 · source · release history
  • Adds --signature and --cert flags to cosign verify to accept signatures and certificates from local files or remote URLs v1.4.0 · Dec 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Verify a container image signature stored in a local file using a specific digest algorithm. cosign verify --signature sig.sig \ --signature-digest-algorithm SHA384 \ <image-ref> v1.4.0 · Dec 2021 · source
SBOM attachment and retrieval shipped Attaches SBOMs to signed container images or downloads them for verification. 1 release · 2 other sources · first seen Jul 2021

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds support for syft format SBOMs in cosign attach sbom v1.4.0 · Dec 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Attach an SBOM to a signed container image cosign attach sbom --sbom cyclonedx.json cosigned-image:latest 0.6.0 · Jul 2021 · source
  • Download an SBOM from a container image that has one attached cosign download sbom cosigned-image:latest -o output.json 0.6.0 · Jul 2021 · source
Artifact attachment management shipped Signs and verifies arbitrary artifacts like SBOMs as attachments to image signatures. 1 release · 2 other sources · first seen Sep 2021

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Add sign-attachment and verify-attachment subcommands for signing and verifying artifacts like SBOMs and attestations. v1.2.0 · Sep 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Verify an SBOM attachment that was signed as part of the image's transparency log entry. cosign verify-attachment --key <public-key> sbom spdx gcr.io/my-project/image:tag v1.2.0 · Sep 2021 · source
  • Sign an SBOM or other artifact as an attachment to the image signature. cosign sign-attachment --key <key> sbom spdx gcr.io/my-project/image:tag sbom.json v1.2.0 · Sep 2021 · source
Identity-enforced signing shipped Signs artifacts while enforcing that the identity certificate contains a specific email address. 1 release · 2 other sources · first seen Sep 2021

release

  • Add -cert-email flag to cosign sign to require an email match in the fulcio certificate. v1.2.0 · Sep 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Sign a container image while enforcing that the identity certificate contains a specific email address. cosign sign --key <key> -cert-email user@example.com gcr.io/my-project/image:tag v1.2.0 · Sep 2021 · source
  • Verify image with certificate identity cosign verify $IMAGE --certificate-identity=$IDENTITY --certificate-oidc-issuer=$OIDC_ISSUER
Rekor v2 deployment support shipped Adds Rekor v2 support to the trusted-root create command and enables use of signing configs for Rekor v2 instances. 2 releases · first seen Jun 2025

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds --use-signing-config flag to sign-blob, attest-blob, sign, and attest for providing service URLs via a SigningConfig, enabling use with Rekor v2 instances. v2.6.0 · Sep 2025 · source · release history
  • Adds Rekor v2 support to the trusted-root create command. v2.5.1 · Jun 2025 · source · release history
Buildkite OIDC token provider integration shipped Supports authentication and identity verification using Buildkite's OIDC token provider. 2 releases · first seen Apr 2023

Also counts toward: CI/CD pipeline integration

release

  • Adds TSA (Timestamp Authority) certificate-related flags and fields to cosign attest. v2.5.0 · Apr 2025 · source · release history
  • Add Buildkite OIDC token provider integration v2.0.1 · Apr 2023 · source · release history
Image layer selective copying shipped Selectively copies specific layers such as signatures, attestations, or SBOMs between images. 1 release · 1 other source · first seen Nov 2023

release

  • Adds --only flag to cosign copy to selectively copy sign, attestation, and SBOM layers v2.2.1 · Nov 2023 · source · release history

example

  • Copy only the signature and attestation layers from one image to another, skipping SBOM cosign copy --only sign,att <source_image> <dest_image> v2.2.1 · Nov 2023 · source
Self-managed Fulcio key support shipped Allows users to issue their own Fulcio signing certificates using a self-managed key pair. 2 releases · first seen Feb 2023

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Fulcio certificate issuance now supports self-managed keys (--issue-certificate=true with --key or --sk) 2.0.0 · Feb 2023 · source · release history
  • Added support for fetching Fulcio certificates using a self-managed key 2.0.0-rc.2 · Feb 2023 · source · release history
SBOM streaming and pipeline integration shipped Allows signing container images with SBOMs streamed directly from stdin without writing to disk, supporting pipeline workflows. 1 release · 1 other source · first seen Oct 2022

Also counts toward: CI/CD pipeline integration, Command-line interface

release

  • predicate command now accepts standard input (-) as the input source, enabling pipelines like cat sbom.json | cosign sign --predicate - ... v1.13.0 · Oct 2022 · source · release history

example

  • Sign a container image using an SBOM streamed directly from a previous step without writing to disk. cat sbom.json | cosign sign --predicate - quay.io/example/image:latest v1.13.0 · Oct 2022 · source
Multi-attestation payload support shipped Allows attaching multiple attestation payloads to an image in a single command invocation. 1 release · 1 other source · first seen Aug 2022

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Enables passing multiple payloads to cosign attach attestation instead of a single payload v1.10.1 · Aug 2022 · source · release history

example

  • Attach multiple attestation payloads to an image in a single command invocation. cosign attach attestation --attestation=payload1.json --attestation=payload2.json IMAGE v1.10.1 · Aug 2022 · source
Attestation replacement shipped Overwrites existing attestations on container images. 1 release · 1 other source · first seen Dec 2021

release

  • Adds --replace option to cosign attest to overwrite existing attestations v1.4.0 · Dec 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Create and sign an in-toto attestation cosign attest --predicate <file> --key cosign.key $IMAGE_URI_DIGEST
Local image and signature storage shipped Persists container images and signatures to local disk for air-gapped or archival use cases. 1 release · 1 other source · first seen Dec 2021

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds cosign save and cosign load commands to store container images and signatures on disk v1.4.0 · Dec 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Persist local copies of a container image and its signature for air-gapped environments or archival. cosign save --output-dir ./saved-image <image-ref> cosign load --input-dir ./saved-image v1.4.0 · Dec 2021 · source
Kubernetes secret key generation shipped Generates a cryptographic key pair and stores it directly as a Kubernetes Secret. 2 other sources · first seen Jun 2021

example

  • Disable TLS verification when interacting with a self-signed local registry during development or testing. cosign upload blob --image myregistry.local/app.tar.gz --allow-insecure-registry v1.3.0 · Nov 2021 · source
  • Generate a key pair and store it directly as a Kubernetes Secret. cosign generate-key-pair -k8s 0.5.0 · Jun 2021 · source
Secure image retrieval shipped Downloads container images or blobs from registries without pulling full manifests, supporting local file input. 1 release · 1 other source · first seen Nov 2021

Also counts toward: CI/CD pipeline integration, Command-line interface

release

  • Adds sget as a standalone CLI tool in releases for secure container image grabbing v1.3.0 · Nov 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Securely download a container image without pulling the full manifest first, useful for CI/CD pipelines where you only need the binary blob. sget cosign testimg v1.3.0 · Nov 2021 · source
Blob signature verification via URL shipped Verifies blob signatures by fetching them directly from remote URLs without prior downloading. 1 release · 1 other source · first seen Sep 2021

release

  • Allow verify-blob to fetch signatures directly from URLs with a new source argument. v1.2.0 · Sep 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Verify a blob signature fetched directly from a remote URL without downloading it first. cosign verify-blob --key <public-key> https://example.com/signature.txt v1.2.0 · Sep 2021 · source
Custom signature certificate injection shipped Allows explicitly adding a custom certificate to a signature during the signing process. 1 release · 1 other source · first seen Jul 2021

release

  • Added -cert flag to sign to allow the explicit addition of a signature certificate v1.0.0 · Jul 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Add a signature certificate explicitly when signing a blob. cosign sign -key cosign.key -cert cert.pem blob.txt v1.0.0 · Jul 2021 · source
Image and signature cleanup shipped Deletes signatures associated with an image. 1 release · 1 other source · first seen Jun 2021

release

example

  • Remove all signatures associated with a specific image. cosign clean gcr.io/project/image:v1 0.5.0 · Jun 2021 · source
Shell completion shipped Provides shell completion support for command options, including argument completion for the --slot option. 1 release · first seen Oct 2026

release

Signing algorithm specification shipped Allows callers to explicitly specify the signing algorithm when signing artifacts via a new CLI flag. 1 release · first seen Dec 2025

release

  • New --signing-algorithm flag lets callers specify the signing algorithm when signing artifacts. v3.0.3 · Dec 2025 · source · release history
Blob attestation digest verification shipped Adds support for verifying blob attestations using digests and hash algorithms instead of file references. 1 release · first seen Sep 2025

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds verify-blob-attestation support for verifying a statement's subject using --digest and --digestAlg instead of a file reference. v2.6.0 · Sep 2025 · source · release history
Key-based verification timestamp optionality shipped Removes the requirement for timestamps when verifying signatures with a key, making --use-signed-timestamps optional. 1 release · first seen Sep 2025

release

  • No longer requires timestamps when verifying with a key (--use-signed-timestamps is optional in key-based verification). v2.6.0 · Sep 2025 · source · release history
OCI 1.1 signature artifact storage shipped Supports storing signatures and verification material as OCI Image 1.1 referring artifacts for registries that support it. 1 other source · first seen Sep 2025

example

  • Sign and verify a container image, storing the bundle as an OCI 1.1 referring artifact for registries that support it. cosign sign --new-bundle-format=true ghcr.io/user/alpine@sha256:a19367999603840546b8612572e338ec076c6d1f2fec61760a9e11410f546733 cosign verify --new-bundle-format=true… v2.6.0 · Sep 2025 · source
Signer key generation refactoring shipped Refactors the keyless signer interface to decouple key generation from signer instantiation, requiring explicit client calls for key generation. 1 release · first seen Sep 2025

release

  • sign.SignerFromKeyOpts no longer generates a key; it now returns whether the client needs to generate a key, and callers must invoke sign.KeylessSigner themselves if so. v2.6.0 · Sep 2025 · source · release history
TUF v2 client upgrade shipped Upgrades to the TUF v2 client for managing trusted root metadata. 1 release · first seen Jun 2025

release

Blob signature verification without remote GET shipped Enables fetching signatures for verification without making a remote GET request, supporting restricted or offline workflows. 1 release · first seen Feb 2025

Also counts toward: Offline mode

release

  • Enables fetching signatures without a remote GET request, supporting restricted or offline verification workflows. v2.4.3 · Feb 2025 · source · release history
Image digest triangulation shipped Retrieves image digests using a dedicated triangulation command. 1 release · first seen Nov 2023

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Provides image digest retrieval via the triangulate subcommand v2.2.1 · Nov 2023 · source · release history
Environment variable-based token provider shipped Allows configuring ambient credential providers via environment variables for identity enforcement. 1 release · first seen Apr 2023

release

RFC3161 TSA time-stamping support shipped Enables attestation and blob signing/verification using an RFC3161 time-stamping server for timestamp validation. 1 release · first seen Dec 2022

release

  • Supports attestation and blob signing/verification using an RFC3161 time-stamping server (TSA) 2.0.0-rc.0 · Dec 2022 · source · release history
Private attestation upload skipping shipped Supports skipping the upload of attestations to the public transparency log for private deployments. 1 release · first seen Aug 2022

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds --skip-upload flag to cosign attach attestation to allow skipping upload to the transparency log v1.10.1 · Aug 2022 · source · release history
Key passing via environment variable references shipped Enables passing cryptographic keys into the tool using `env://` references. 1 release · first seen Apr 2022

release

  • Enables passing keys via environment variables using env:// refs. v1.8.0 · Apr 2022 · source · release history
Keychain override configuration shipped Allows overriding the registry keychain used by signing and verification commands via environment variables. 1 release · first seen Apr 2022

release

  • Enables overriding the registry keychain used by signing and verification commands v1.7.1 · Apr 2022 · source · release history
Transparency log status reporting shipped Outputs the status of TUF root metadata during initialization or signing operations. 1 release · first seen Mar 2022

release

  • Outputs TUF root status with the TUF: Add root status output feature v1.6.0 · Mar 2022 · source · release history
PKCS#8 keychain import shipped Supports importing PKCS#8 private keys into the local keychain using standard key import workflows. 1 release · first seen Jan 2022

release

  • Supports importing PKCS#8 private keys into the keychain via existing key import workflows. v1.5.0 · Jan 2022 · source · release history
Dockerfile signature verification shipped Verifies the integrity of a Dockerfile against its associated image signatures locally. 1 other source · first seen Jul 2021

example

  • Verify a Dockerfile against its image signatures locally cosign verify-dockerfile --key cosign.pub Dockerfile 0.6.0 · Jul 2021 · source

Lines in monospace are the tool's own words: help text parsed from its source, or an endpoint from its API document. Under release, a line is our summary of a dated release. Under docs, it is quoted from the tool's own documentation or website. Each links back to the source it came from.

Score card

  1. Shipping velocity releases a month, last 12 months
  2. Documentation quality release-notes rubric, 0–100
  3. Breaking-change discipline how rarely a release breaks users, and notice given
  4. Maintenance risk quiet time against its own cadence, maintainers
  5. Innovation & surface new capabilities, API and MCP surface
  6. Community health
  7. Contributor trend distinct committers, this year against last
  8. Maintainer concentration bus factor now against a year ago
  9. Issue backlog trend issues closed per issue opened, 12 months
  10. Responsiveness median time to a maintainer’s first reply

Nine scores for cosign, each built from the releases, notes and API history this site tracks — and, on Researcher and Business, where it stands among every measured tool in its category and how that has moved.

Score cards are part of every paid plan.

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Each score is 0–100 on a published rubric, derived from data this site already shows. A dimension we cannot measure says so — it is never scored 0 and never enters a rank.

How this is scored
  • Shipping velocity — releases a month over the last 12 months, on a log scale where 16 a month scores 100. Needs 3 releases in the window.
  • Documentation quality — the release-notes rubric published on the analytics page, unchanged.
  • Breaking-change discipline — the share of releases carrying a breaking change (none scores 100, half or more scores 0). Only projects that label breaking changes are measured: a clean record cannot be told from an unlabelled one.
  • Maintenance risk — quiet time measured against the tool's own release cadence (quiet longer than 90 days and three typical gaps scores 0), plus the number of active maintainers and whether contributors are growing, where known. Higher is lower risk.
  • Innovation & surface — new capabilities in the feature ledger this year, API and MCP operations added, and the share of commits that are features: the mean of whichever we hold.
  • Community health (open-source tools only) — each is a direction, not a size: contributors this year against last, the bus factor now against a year ago, and issues closed per issue opened, where steady scores 50, doubled 100 and halved 0; plus the median time to a maintainer's first reply (an hour scores about 100, a month or more 0). A commercial card has no repository and carries none of the four.
  • Documented delivery (commercial tools) — when a vendor's documented new capabilities have slowed against its own baseline, that counts against the overall standing as heavily as two low dimensions. Steady delivery, or too little history to judge, leaves the standing alone; it is never a sixth score.
  • Open-source tools are scored on repository signals; commercial tools on their published changelog. Ranks compare tools within one category and one profile and need at least five measured peers; the overall standing needs three ranked dimensions. Best-in-breed or consolidator is a shape, not a quality, and is never scored.

Release-note detail over time

See how much detail cosign puts in its release notes, quarter by quarter, and compare it with tracked tools in the same category. This history uses up to ten retained, reviewed notes per tool; sparse or blank older quarters may reflect that limit.

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Website history

sigstore.dev, every change

Sigstore's home page and 6 more pages as they looked each month from November 2021 to October 2026: 21 renders, 2 changes of tagline or palette. Step through them, play them, or put any two months side by side.

Website history is included with Researcher and Business.

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Releases

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64 entries

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    64 entries

    Project health

    Issue, contributor and maintainer activity in sigstore/cosign, 2023-10 – 2026-09, as of 2026-09-25. Twelve-month figures first; the trend lines run the whole window.

    1. Contributors 64 +35 vs prior 12 months
    2. Maintainers 7 +4 joined · −3 left, last 12 months
    3. Bus factor 3 committers behind half the commits
    4. Community-filed 94% of issues opened, last 12 months
    5. Median time to close 3 years first maintainer reply 4.8 days
    6. Open backlog 117 of 1,209 issues ever filed
    1. Issues opened / month 4 · 0 communitymaintainers
    2. Open backlog 117
    3. Contributors / month 13
    4. Commits / month 25
    5. Stars 6,315
    Issue themes, last 12 months
    • bugs 48%
    • features 27%
    • questions 13%
    • other 12%

    Counts from the project's public repository and git history; no individuals are identified. Maintainers are the committers covering 80% of the last year's commits. how we measure this

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