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Hindsight

v2026.06 open-source

Hindsight is a free tool that parses web artifacts from Google Chrome, Chromium-based browsers, and Mozilla Firefox profiles for forensic analysis.

Summary

Hindsight is a free, open-source dfir tool for parsing browser artifacts from Google Chrome, Chromium-based browsers (Edge, Brave, Vivaldi, Tor Browser), and Mozilla Firefox, pulling history, downloads, cache, bookmarks, autofill, saved passwords, cookies, extensions, and local storage into a single correlated timeline. It runs as a command-line tool (hindsight.py or a packaged .exe) or through a bundled local web UI, and installs via pip. It is built for forensic examiners and incident responders reconstructing user activity from a disk image or live profile rather than for continuous monitoring. Output goes to XLSX, JSONLJSONLA text format where each line is a self-contained, valid JSON object, making it easy to stream, append, and process large datasets line by line without parsing a full JSON array into memory., or SQLite for further review in a spreadsheet or case-management workflow, which places it in the category of browser-artifact parsers used alongside broader dfir toolkits. Its history goes back to 2014, and with 20 contributors, over a hundred commits and eight releases in the past year, and a release only 44 days old, it is actively maintained.

Hindsight is a free tool that parses web artifacts from Google Chrome, Chromium-based browsers, and Mozilla Firefox profiles for forensic analysis.

How Hindsight helps

What did a user actually do on this machine, in what order?

pulls history, downloads, cache, bookmarks, autofill, passwords, cookies, and local storage out of a Chrome or Firefox profile and correlates them into a single timeline, so browsing, downloading, and form activity line up against each other by time

Which browser extensions were installed, and what could they access?

reads extension records alongside manifest and permission details, listing installed extensions with the permissions and content scripts each one held

What did the user delete that might still be recoverable?

recovers bookmarks from daily backup snapshots and reconstructs download and browsing entries from cache and session data even when the live history no longer shows them

Was this a Chrome-family browser or Firefox, and does that change what gets pulled?

auto-detects the browser type from the profile structure and parses the matching set of databases for that browser, whether that's the Chromium history and cookie files or Firefox's places, cookies, and form history stores

What third-party tracking or cross-site state did a site leave behind in the browser?

parses Chrome's DIPS database and the cookie store's extra fields to surface third-party cookie interactions and popup-related tracking activity tied to specific sites

all 10 features, with the evidence for each →

Languages

Not documented

Features

10 capabilities across 2 capability groups · 2 backed by code, an API document or a real run

Built from Hindsight's releases, docs, README and our own runs. “Seen” marks the month we first spotted a release the vendor didn't date. Group names and tags are our labels.

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  • Hindsight covers 2 of the 8 investigation and response capabilities we track.

What Hindsight offers you

  • Command-line interface1
Disk and filesystem forensics 3 features Investigation and response since 2015
Chrome browser artifact parsing shipped Parses Chrome profile data including history, downloads with URL chains and MIME types, extensions with permissions and content scripts, Declarative Net Request rules, and Service Worker-related protobuf artifacts. 28 releases · 3 other sources · first seen Nov 2015

Shared capability: Disk and filesystem forensics

release 28 total

  • Enhances extension handling by merging data from disk and Secure Preferences, and adds detailed permissions and scripts for extensions. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds support for parsing and summarizing Chrome Declarative Net Request (DNR) extension rules. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds parsing of Service Worker-related data from browser profiles. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Enhances Chrome extension handling: merges data from disk and Secure Preferences, adds a dedicated Extensions worksheet in Excel output, and surfaces detailed permissions and content scripts. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Expands downloads parsing with additional artifact coverage and download headers. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds support for parsing and summarizing Chrome Declarative Net Request (DNR) dynamic rules and improves unpacked extension handling. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history

example

  • Export Chrome history analysis in a streamable JSON Lines format for ingestion into Timesketch. hindsight --input chrome_history.sqlite --output results.jsonl -f jsonl v2.4.0 · Aug 2019 · source
  • Parse user activity, skip sessions hindsight.py -i <profile> --only user-activity --skip sessions
  • Analyze Chrome profile, output to file hindsight.py -i "C:\Users\Ryan\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default" -o test_case
Firefox browser artifact parsing shipped Parses Firefox profile data including history, bookmarks, downloads, cookies, form history, permissions, logins, extensions, session store, favicons, cache, localStorage, IndexedDB, HSTS pins, preferences, bounce-tracking databases, and bookmark backups. 14 releases · 3 other sources · first seen Mar 2017

Shared capability: Disk and filesystem forensics

release 14 total

  • Adds Firefox HSTS pin parsing from SiteSecurityServiceState.bin and forensically relevant preferences from prefs.js. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds Mozilla Firefox browser support: parses places.sqlite (history, bookmarks, downloads), cookies.sqlite, formhistory.sqlite, permissions.sqlite, logins.json, extensions.json, sessionstore, favicons, cache2, localStorage, IndexedDB, and bounce-tracking/content-blocking databases. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds Mozilla Firefox browser support, enabling Hindsight to parse Firefox profiles alongside Chromium-based browsers. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds Firefox bookmark backup parsing from bookmarkbackups/*.jsonlz4, enabling recovery of deleted bookmarks from daily snapshots. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • In a URLItem, the url_id property is replaced with visit_id; any downstream scripts or plugins referencing url_id will break. v2024.10 · Nov 2024 · source · release history
  • Parses IndexedDB records from Chromium profiles, expanding artifact recovery beyond traditional browser databases. v2024.10 · Nov 2024 · source · release history

docs

  • Analyzes Google Chrome/Chromium and Mozilla Firefox web artifacts including history, cookies, downloads, passwords, and local storage for forensic timelines.

example

  • Parse user activity, skip sessions hindsight.py -i <profile> --only user-activity --skip sessions
  • Parse only history and downloads artifacts hindsight.py -i <profile> --only history,downloads
LevelDB artifact parsing shipped Parses LevelDB-based browser databases including Media History and Site Characteristics, leveraging CCL Forensics' code for reduced dependencies and deleted record recovery. 3 releases · first seen Jan 2021

Shared capability: Disk and filesystem forensics

release

  • Parse Site Characteristics Database LevelDB v2021.04.26 · Apr 2021 · source · release history
  • Switch to using CCL Forensics' LevelDB parsing code; makes parsing use less dependencies & allows recovery of some deleted records 2021.01.16 · Jan 2021 · source · release history
  • Add parsing of new Media History database 2021.01.16 · Jan 2021 · source · release history
Forensic timeline analysis 1 feature Investigation and response since 2017
XLSX report export verified Exports parsed browser artifact data to an Excel workbook, including dedicated worksheets for extensions, downloads, and timestamped data with configurable timezone and output filename. 4 releases · 5 other sources · first seen Mar 2017

Shared capability: Forensic timeline analysis

Also counts toward: Command-line interface

release

  • Adds an explicit Source Item column in output rows to identify where each artifact was sourced from. v2026.04 · May 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds Chrome session analysis and session reconstruction, surfacing browsing session timelines in XLSX output with a dedicated Sessions tab. v2026.04 · May 2026 · source · release history
  • Exports Extension Data to the SQLite output format. v2025.03 · Mar 2025 · source · release history
  • Adds JSONL output format compatible with Timesketch v2.4.0 · Aug 2019 · source · release history

command line

  • --output — Name of the output file (without extension) 2021.01.16 · Jan 2021 · command-line history
  • --timezone — Display timezone for the timestamps in XLSX output 2021.01.16 · Jan 2021 · command-line history

example

  • Analyze a Firefox profile on Windows and export results to XLSX for timeline review. hindsight.py -i "C:\Users\Investigator\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\abc123.default" -b Firefox -o firefox_case v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source
  • Analyze a Chrome profile with all expanded download metadata and extension details written to XLSX. hindsight.py -i "C:\Users\Suspect\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default" -o chrome_case -f XLSX v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source
  • Install the tool on any OS to enable web UI and new cache parsing capabilities. pip install pyhindsight v2.0.0 · Mar 2017 · source
Other / not yet classified 6 features Features we have not matched to a capability yet. A suggested match is marked.
Multi-browser and Chromium variant support shipped Auto-detects installed browsers and supports Chromium-based variants including Edge, Brave, Vivaldi, and Tor Browser in addition to Chrome and Firefox. 5 releases · 2 other sources · first seen Mar 2019

release

  • Adds browser auto-detection and support for detecting and processing browser variants (Edge, Brave, and others). v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds browser auto-detection and support for Chromium variants including Edge, Brave, Vivaldi, and Tor Browser. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds Windows 11 default Chrome profile path and a generic mechanism to locate profiles via inputs_selector. v2024.10 · Nov 2024 · source · release history
  • Add support for Chrome 88 - 90 v2021.04.26 · Apr 2021 · source · release history
  • Add ability to view results of parsing in the Hindsight web UI, using a SQL-like interface 2021.01.16 · Jan 2021 · source · release history

example

  • Scan all Chrome user profiles in a folder without listing each one individually. hindsight -i C:\Users\JohnDoe v2.3.0 · Mar 2019 · source
  • List all supported artifact names hindsight.py --list-artifacts
Enhanced login and preference parsing shipped Recovers additional login items from the stats table and expands parsing of preference items including network prediction, password manager settings, session logs, and sync data. 4 releases · first seen Jan 2021

release

  • Adds translation of accountcapabilities from Preferences to human-readable values. v2026.01 · Jan 2026 · source · release history
  • Login data parsing switches from the action_url column to origin_url; tooling that relied on the action_url field in Hindsight output will need to be updated. v2024.10 · Nov 2024 · source · release history
  • Preference items expanded: network_prediction_options, password_manager, sessions.event_log, and sync settings v2021.12 · Dec 2021 · source · release history
  • Parse additional login items using the stats table 2021.01.16 · Jan 2021 · source · release history
File copy and temp directory handling verified Optionally copies browser profile files to a temporary directory before opening them, enabling access to locked files; copying can be disabled for faster processing. 1 release · 2 other sources · first seen Jan 2021

release

  • Add flag (enabled by default) for copying SQLite databases to a temp directory before opening them 2021.01.16 · Jan 2021 · source · release history

command line

  • --temp_dir — If files are copied before being opened, use this directory as the copy destination 2021.01.16 · Jan 2021 · command-line history
  • --no_copy — Don't copy files before opening them; this might run faster, but some locked files may be inaccessible 2021.01.16 · Jan 2021 · command-line history
Built-in decompression for browser artifacts shipped suggested Includes pure-Python decoders for Snappy and Mozilla LZ4 (mozLz4) formats, removing external library dependencies for decompressing Firefox artifacts. 2 releases · first seen Nov 2015

Suggested capability: Disk and filesystem forensics. This is our guess, not confirmed.

release

  • Includes pure-Python Snappy and Mozilla LZ4 (mozLz40) decoders, removing dependencies on python-snappy and python-lz4 for Firefox artifact decompression. v2026.06 · Jul 2026 · source · release history
  • Adds hindsightGUI.exe, a new portable graphical user interface compiled for Windows, allowing point-and-click analysis of forensic artifacts. v1.5.0 · Nov 2015 · source · release history
Cache artifact parsing for Chrome shipped Parses new cache types including DawnCache, DawnWebGPUCache, and DawnGraphiteCache. 1 release · 1 other source · first seen May 2026

release

  • Adds experimental support for new cache types: DawnCache, DawnWebGPUCache, and DawnGraphiteCache. v2026.04 · May 2026 · source · release history

example

  • Parse all artifacts except cache hindsight.py -i <profile> --skip cache
Local Storage unfurling shipped suggested Runs Unfurl across Local Storage values to decode and structure stored data within browser profiles. 1 release · first seen Apr 2021

Suggested capability: Disk and filesystem forensics. This is our guess, not confirmed.

release

  • Add plugin to run Unfurl across Local Storage values v2021.04.26 · Apr 2021 · source · release history

Lines in monospace are the tool's own words: help text parsed from its source, or an endpoint from its API document. Under release, a line is our summary of a dated release. Under docs, it is quoted from the tool's own documentation or website. Each links back to the source it came from.

Screenshots

From the release notes, newest first. Click one to see it full size.

v2026.06 Jul 8, 2026

Score card

  1. Shipping velocity releases a month, last 12 months
  2. Documentation quality release-notes rubric, 0–100
  3. Breaking-change discipline how rarely a release breaks users, and notice given
  4. Maintenance risk quiet time against its own cadence, maintainers
  5. Innovation & surface new capabilities, API and MCP surface
  6. Community health
  7. Contributor trend distinct committers, this year against last
  8. Maintainer concentration bus factor now against a year ago
  9. Issue backlog trend issues closed per issue opened, 12 months
  10. Responsiveness median time to a maintainer’s first reply

Nine scores for Hindsight, each built from the releases, notes and API history this site tracks — and, on Researcher and Business, where it stands among every measured tool in its category and how that has moved.

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Each score is 0–100 on a published rubric, derived from data this site already shows. A dimension we cannot measure says so — it is never scored 0 and never enters a rank.

How this is scored
  • Shipping velocity — releases a month over the last 12 months, on a log scale where 16 a month scores 100. Needs 3 releases in the window.
  • Documentation quality — the release-notes rubric published on the analytics page, unchanged.
  • Breaking-change discipline — the share of releases carrying a breaking change (none scores 100, half or more scores 0). Only projects that label breaking changes are measured: a clean record cannot be told from an unlabelled one.
  • Maintenance risk — quiet time measured against the tool's own release cadence (quiet longer than 90 days and three typical gaps scores 0), plus the number of active maintainers and whether contributors are growing, where known. Higher is lower risk.
  • Innovation & surface — new capabilities in the feature ledger this year, API and MCP operations added, and the share of commits that are features: the mean of whichever we hold.
  • Community health (open-source tools only) — each is a direction, not a size: contributors this year against last, the bus factor now against a year ago, and issues closed per issue opened, where steady scores 50, doubled 100 and halved 0; plus the median time to a maintainer's first reply (an hour scores about 100, a month or more 0). A commercial card has no repository and carries none of the four.
  • Documented delivery (commercial tools) — when a vendor's documented new capabilities have slowed against its own baseline, that counts against the overall standing as heavily as two low dimensions. Steady delivery, or too little history to judge, leaves the standing alone; it is never a sixth score.
  • Open-source tools are scored on repository signals; commercial tools on their published changelog. Ranks compare tools within one category and one profile and need at least five measured peers; the overall standing needs three ranked dimensions. Best-in-breed or consolidator is a shape, not a quality, and is never scored.

Release-note detail over time

See how much detail Hindsight puts in its release notes, quarter by quarter, and compare it with tracked tools in the same category. This history uses up to ten retained, reviewed notes per tool; sparse or blank older quarters may reflect that limit.

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Releases

Show

13 entries

  1. July 20261
  2. May 20261
  3. January 20261
  4. March 20251
  5. November 20241
  6. March 20231
  7. December 20211
  8. April 20211
  9. January 20211
  10. August 20191
  11. March 20191
  12. March 20171
  13. November 20151
    Show

    13 entries

    Project health

    Issue, contributor and maintainer activity in obsidianforensics/hindsight, 2023-10 – 2026-09, as of 2026-09-25. Twelve-month figures first; the trend lines run the whole window.

    1. Contributors 5 ±0 vs prior 12 months
    2. Maintainers 2 +2 joined · −1 left, last 12 months
    3. Bus factor 1 committers behind half the commits
    4. Community-filed not measured of issues opened, last 12 months
    5. Median time to close not measured issues closed, last 12 months
    6. Open backlog not measured open issues today
    1. Issues opened / month not measured
    2. Open backlog not measured
    3. Contributors / month 2
    4. Commits / month 39
    5. Stars 1,506
    Issue themes, last 12 months not measured

    Counts from the project's public repository and git history; no individuals are identified. Maintainers are the committers covering 80% of the last year's commits. how we measure this

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